✉️ WebSockets

• WebSockets ReferenceOpen external link
• Using WebSocketsOpen external link

​Server

When using the CLI, or the createServer method, Miniflare will always upgrade Web Socket connections. The worker must then respond with a status 101 Switching Protocols response including a webSocket. For example, the worker below implements an echo WebSocket server:

export default {
  fetch(request) {
    const [client, server] = Object.values(new WebSocketPair());

    server.accept();
    server.addEventListener("message", (event) => {
      server.send(event.data);
    });

    return new Response(null, {
      status: 101,
      webSocket: client,
    });
  },
};

When using dispatchFetch, you are responsible for handling WebSockets by using the webSocket property on Response. As an example, if the above worker script was stored in echo.mjs:

import { Miniflare } from "miniflare";

const mf = new Miniflare({
  modules: true,
  scriptPath: "echo.mjs",
});
const res = await mf.dispatchFetch();

const webSocket = res.webSocket;
webSocket.accept();
webSocket.addEventListener("message", (event) => {
  console.log(event.data);
});

webSocket.send("Hello!"); // Above listener logs "Hello!"

​Client

Miniflare also supports using workers as WebSocket clients too via fetch or the standard new WebSocket() constructorOpen external link:

export default {
  async fetch(request) {
    const res = await fetch("https://echo.websocket.org", {
      headers: { Upgrade: "websocket" },
    });

    const webSocket = res.webSocket;
    webSocket.accept();
    webSocket.addEventListener("message", (event) => {
      console.log(event.data);
    });

    webSocket.send("Hello!"); // Above listener logs "Hello!"

    return new Response();
  },
};

All WebSockets are automatically closed when the worker is reloaded.

​Validation

Like the real Workers runtime, Miniflare will throw errors when:

• Attempting to use a WebSocket in a Response that has already been used
• Attempting to use a WebSocket in a Response after calling accept() on it
• Attempting to call WebSocket#send() or WebSocket#close() without first calling accept()
• Attempting to call WebSocket#send() after calling close()
• Attempting to call WebSocket#close() on an already closed WebSocket
• Attempting to call WebSocket#close() with an invalid close code